Types of DNA Testing

There is a type of DNA testing that can be performed while the mother is still pregnant to identify if the person is a father of the conceived fetus. There are regular schedules to be followed for such a test and you need not worry about it because it's one that is safe for the mother and the baby.

The reason why DNA testing can be done even before the child is born is because it's there already during conception. A child gets to have an equal half share of the mother and the father's blood and genes. That is why a person becomes unique. The unique creation of children from a combination of genes and blood makes all kids in the family unique too. Your brothers and sisters can be easily identified through the DNA test by the doctors. The only case where DNA paternity test results are the same is if your children are twins.

There are cases when a court order is released and requests that a child has to undergo DNA testing, and this case needs to follow certain procedures required by law. The mother as well as the father should be facing the officials while the samples are being swabbed from them. Both the samples will be brought to the laboratory for proper testing and analysis. On the other hand, if parents wants to make sure of the child's DNA but without a court order, the doctor can take samples from each of them and then they can perform it at home.

As the child is 10 to 13 weeks yet of gestation, the doctor can be asked to get samples from the baby and conduct DNA testing which is known as the non-invasive testing. This should be done at that stage because the doctor needs to get a good amount of sample from the child's placenta.

Another type is the amnio DNA testing where the mother would have to reach 14 up to 20 weeks of pregnancy. Extraction of the sample fluid which comes from the surrounding of the infant will be done through a large needle that would have to be inserted in the womb of the mother. What is not risky for the infant in the womb though is the carrying out of non-invasive testing. In amnio testing, the doctor just have to make sure that the needle is inserted properly. For older women conceiving a child, the doctors usually make sure if the child is having down syndrome through amnio DNA testing. Parents can also request for such even if the doctor has not given a suggestion so they can be ready in case it's true.

Now you see how technology has made these DNA testing possible. Depending on one's needs, there are several different types of DNA tests to choose from.

Determining Family History Through Scientific DNA Testing

The goal of paternity and parental DNA testing is to figure out whether or not two people are related in the form of parent and child. There are two kinds of these parental DNA tests: a paternity test, which will prove genetically that some man is the father of a child, and a maternity test, which aims to determine the same information about a mother. When it comes to figuring out who the parents are in any situation, you'll find that the genetic DNA test is both the most commonly used and the most reliable test out there.

As already mentioned the use of DNA testing is the most accurate and technologically sound method of determining a person's parents. When a DNA test is conducted to determine whether or not some person is the parent of a child, the results of the test will either be 0% if the person is not the parent, or 99.99% if the person is the parent. It is hard to dispute these kinds of results.

The DNA information in any cell in a person's body will be the same as all the other DNA in their cells (except for reproductive cells, obviously). The reason that reproductive cells do not have the same DNA as other cells in the body is that the DNA in a reproductive cell will actually only contain half of the DNA information as other cells, since the other parent will contribute the other half. Because of the fact that this genetic material is found inside the nucleus of the cell, it is called a nuclear genome.

You may also find DNA testing used to determine ancestry, as a person's DNA sequence can be compared to another's to figure out which came from which. This test is done by directly comparing the way that one sequence of DNA relates to another to see if it was directly copied. This test can be very effective at figuring out a line of parentage, since a conclusive result of the test can prove whether someone is a parent or not. Each cell in the human body contains a mitochondrial genome, which is obviously contained within the mitochondria of the cell. There is no instance where mitochondrial DNA does not come from the mother.

In all cases, a DNA test on nuclear genome's will be more difficult than testing on the child's mitochondria. The Y chromosome between a father and son will be completely identical, so this can be an easy way to determine paternity for a male child. Though the science might seem hard, a DNA home test for families is actually quite straightforward.

Different Ways that DNA Testing for Family Relations Can Improve Society

The world is one that is chock-full of uncertain things, but we now are discovering ways to get around this. When we want to figure something out, we will work hard to discover the solution. Even in our own DNA, we are seeing that this is the case. People all over the world are using DNA testing to figure out information about their own families so that society can be a better place. In this post, we'll see just a few of the ways that this DNA testing can lead to the greater good.

The most common use for a family DNA test is to determine paternity. Obviously, it does not take much effort to determine who gave birth to the child, but figuring out the father of the child can often be a much more difficult proposition. Not knowing this information can really have an impact on our civilization. When the father of a child is not known, the mother is often going to have to support the child on her own. In general, this means that the mother will often have to rely on social support programs like government aid.

When the father is allowed to escape all of his responsibility, you'll find that it is left to the mothers and the government to take care of the child. When you require paternity DNA testing for instances where the father is unknown, it is much more likely that you'll be able to locate the father before he can disappear completely. When the father can be determined, you'll be able to assign child support to the man if he does not plan to participate in raising his child. It will no longer be left to the government to care for the child.

Another way that DNA testing for families can be useful is in testing sets of twins. The biggest advantage to using DNA testing for twins is that you can usually figure out whether the twins are identical or fraternal. Children who are twins are going to be asked about this status during their entire childhood, so it's a good idea to give them the proper information as soon as possible. Thus, you can see yet another reason why DNA testing can improve the lives of a great number of people.

You may also find that DNA testing for families can help prevent -- or at least treat -- genetic disease. The use of DNA testing can lead to an earlier detection of any medical issues that might result from a genetic disorder.

Getting The Best DNA Tests

The DNA test is one of the most conclusive ways to determine the paternity of a child. Advanced techniques and sophisticated technology are used when obtaining DNA samples from a father and child, and this process determines decisively whether there is genetic relationship existing between the two.

Brothers or sisters may offer a close genetic match which permits assessment of whether the two subjects are blood related. Comparing DNA from an alleged sibling can also prove the paternity of a child, if obtaining samples from the alleged father or child is impossible due to disputes. This is true for the alleged father's siblings as they too share common genetic info which is enough to supply the data needed for the DNA test of the alleged child.

If in case your situation requires you to obtain DNA test from the relatives mentioned above, you must inform the laboratory where you intend to have the assessment and let them know what the case is and ask their advice for your possible options to obtain DNA assessments.

In the ideal world, paternity tests have samples where the alleged father and child are made available to establish the link between them. But in some cases providing these main samples is just not possible in the current situation, either by will or some other reasons. Nevertheless, there are other DNA procedures possible to establish the genetic relationship of two people.

The DNA does not change in spite of age, even in babies. Prenatal paternity test samples of unborn babies are also possible. DNA tests are possible from samples taken from every body tissue. The DNA can be taken orally and it's the same DNA discovered throughout our body cells and tissues. For this reason the collection of DNA samples are used for paternity testing, sometimes with at home DNA test kits.

The DNA result of paternity test can be analyzed inclusively to determine if the parent is the biological father, or exclusively to determine if the parent is not the real father. If the alleged parent mother is analyzed, the outcomes of DNA tests provide a probability of paternal of 99.99% or much higher for inclusions. The probability of paternity exclusion is always 0%.

The mom's contribution is suggested but not needed for a DNA analysis. Analyzing the alleged mother offers a higher probability of inclusive paternal, but the research is open to doubt, however without proof from the alleged mother.

To use the results of paternity testing in child support and other legal cases, a legal test is chosen, which uses the Chain of Custody process needed to make the results acceptable to courts and other government agencies. Legal Genetics results of paternal assessments are accepted by governments worldwide. The American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) determine paternity examining labs around the world. It is advisable to select a lab that features DNA analysis according to AABB specifications.

DNA and Paternity Testing

It is now possible to have DNA testing even if the child has not been born yet and this is to help people identify who the father of the child is. DNA Paternity testing can be done from the comfort of your home, thus there's no need for you to go to the hospital or a clinic. DNA test kits are now affordable and anyone can buy it from online and such test kits are considered to be non-invasive. To identify paternity, the woman can simply do a few swabs and a few swabs on the cheeks of the father too.

Why is There a Need for Paternity Testing?

DNA Paternity testing is one solution to help the mother of the child know who the father is if she's not sure. The following situations are where paternity testing should be helpful.

-Custody: Knowing who the father is would be a benefit for the woman so the father can give child support.
-Inheritance: Paternity testing or twin testing gives proof to the man that he has a direct relationship with the child, so the child is entitled to whatever inheritance there might be.
-For Adoption: Paternity tests also are required if someone will have the baby adopted.

Testing for Prenatal

Depending on the fetus' age, there could be 2 types of prenatal tests that can be done. First is known as the Chorionic Villus Sampling where some part of the placenta will be compared to the DNA of the father and the fetus should be between 10 to 12 weeks old.

After then, if 12 weeks has elapsed, amniocentesis can be performed by withdrawing some fluid from the uterus of the mother. In this case, the DNA testing should be performed in the hospital.

For Postnatal Testing

If the parents wish to have DNA testing done once the child is born, it can be done too by getting samples from each of them including the baby. Some DNA testers don't agree that blood alone will be a good sample to take, thus some swab on each of their cheeks can be done. These are DNA testing types then that anyone can do at home with the use of a DNA testing kit.

There are also some DNA testing done to check for the relationship of a child and a relative such as an aunt, uncle, cousins, siblings or grandparents. This is the type of DNA testing which CANNOT be done at home and has more advanced procedures.

There are some siblings who wish to find out if they are real siblings or not. For the samples, it works the same by having a swab on the cheek of the siblings and as much as possible the parent. There are also people who wants to find out if they share the same father though this.